- What is the difference between Docker Swarm and Kubernetes?
- Both orchestrate containers across multiple hosts. Docker Swarm is simpler to set up and sufficient for many use cases. Kubernetes is far more feature-rich (RBAC, custom resources, operator pattern) and is the industry standard for complex production workloads.
- What is a liveness probe vs readiness probe?
- Liveness probe: checks if the container is alive — failure triggers a restart. Readiness probe: checks if the container is ready to receive traffic — failure removes the pod from the load balancer. Both are critical for zero-downtime deployments.
- What is the difference between a Deployment and a StatefulSet?
- Deployments manage stateless pods interchangeably — any replica can serve any request. StatefulSets manage pods with stable network IDs and persistent storage, required for databases and other stateful workloads where identity matters.