- What is the difference between UPC-A and EAN-13?
- UPC-A is 12 digits used primarily in the US and Canada. EAN-13 is the international 13-digit standard that includes a country code prefix. UPC-A is technically a subset of EAN-13 with a leading '0'.
- What is a check digit and why does it matter?
- The last digit of a barcode is calculated from the other digits using a modulo formula. Scanners verify this digit to catch transcription errors or damaged codes. The check digit cannot be guessed — it must be calculated correctly.
- Can Code128 encode letters and special characters?
- Yes — Code128 encodes all 128 ASCII characters including uppercase/lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. It is the most versatile 1D barcode symbology and is used in shipping labels, ID badges, and warehouse systems.